Discuss Austen(TM)s use of Mr Elliot in Persuasion

Austen uses Mr Elliot in various ways in Persuasion, this ranges from gaining an insight into other people's characters to contributing to the romance genre. Austen mainly uses Mr Elliot as a plot device in Book Two of the novel after Anne's arrival in Bath. The use of Mr Elliot's character can be tied into most of the major themes of the novel. The first mention of Mr Elliot in Persuasion is in the fist chapter of Book One. We find out that he is the heir presumptive to the Baronetcy, through Sir Walter who is reading the Baronetage. We can see that this is important to Sir Walter as he has added, â€Å"Heir presumptive, William Walter Elliot, Esq.† to the pages in the book referring to the Elliot's. This shows how class conscious Sir Walter is, it is blatantly obvious that Austen is ridiculing Sir Walter for being too class conscious. However later in the novel we see that whilst she does not approve of how class conscious Sir Walter is, Austen is still a woman of her time and we see that she is class conscious, through Anne's reactions, but not to the degree that Sir Walter is. In the same chapter we also find out more about Mr Elliot's past relationship with the Elliot family, in particular with Elizabeth and Sir Walter, to an extent. We see that Mr Elliot has disappointed her, â€Å"the heir presumptive †¦ had disappointed her† even though she had â€Å"found him extremely agreeable†. However instead of marrying Elizabeth, Mr Elliot sought independence and married â€Å"a rich woman of inferior birth.† This leads to all acquaintance between the ceasing as Mr Elliot had slighted Sir Walter and had â€Å"shewn himself as unsolicitous of being longer noticed by the family†. The next time we meet Mr Elliot is in the last chapter of Book One, where Anne and the Musgroves are in Lyme with Captain Wentworth. This chapter is where Mr Elliot sees Anne for the first time and where he is first seen as a potential rival for Anne's attention and affection, â€Å"Anne's face caught his eye, and he looked at her with a degree of earnest admiration†. Wentworth in turn notices how Mr Elliot looks at Anne and even he can â€Å"see something like Anne Elliot again†. Mr Elliot paying attention to Anne shows that se is once again in â€Å"bloom†. In this chapter through Anne and the others in Lyme that Mr Elliot is in mourning, therefore his wife has only died relatively recently. When the ‘mystery gentleman' is identified as Mr Elliot by the party in Lyme, we see that Austen highlights Mary's class snobbery. We next see Mr Elliot in Chapter Three of Book Two, however the reaction to him is much more positive than it was in the first book. We see that despite his previous grievances against them Elizabeth and Sir Walter readily forgive Mr Elliot and are even happy to renew their acquaintance. In this chapter we see that the relationship between Mr Elliot and Anne improves and we see that he is clearly attracted to her. This is where the possibility of Mr Elliot standing as a rival against Wentworth for Anne's affections becomes a reality. In the next chapter Austen uses Mr Elliot to show how fickle Lady Russell is. We see here that she feels that he could not be â€Å"a more agreeable or estimable man† and that â€Å"Everything united in him; good understanding, correct opinions, knowledge of the world, and a warm heart†. This directly contrast her feeling in Chapter Fourteen where she states that â€Å"he is a man whom [she has] no wish to see† and that he had â€Å"left a very strong impression in his disfavour† with her when he declined to be â€Å"on cordial terms with the head of his family†. Here we also see that Mr Elliot is not as class conscious as Sir Walter and Elizabeth but he is more class conscious than Anne. In the next chapters Mr Elliot becomes even more of an obstacle in Anne and Wentworth's relationship. We see what Anne's opinion of him is; she thinks that whilst â€Å"Mr Elliot is an exceedingly agreeable man† he was â€Å"too generally agreeable†. This shows how shrewd Anne is, compared with the rest of her family and her close friends. Austen uses Mr Elliot more in the second half of the novel in order to distract Anne's attention away from Wentworth. This can be seen in Chapter Twenty during the concert held for the benefit of a person patronised by Lady Dalrymple. We see that Mr Elliot successfully monopolises a lot of Anne's time, which in turn makes Wentworth jealous. Wentworth now knows that he is still in love with Anne due to the attention she is receiving from Mr Elliot, but again due to the obstacle Mr Elliot presents he can not make his feelings known to Anne. However after Mrs Smith unmasks Mr Elliot for Anne after the concert, we see him for who he truly is. Here Wentworth and Mr Elliot can be compared and you can clearly see who the better person is out of the two. Wentworth is everything that Mr Elliot is not, for example Wentworth is open and spontaneous whereas Mr Elliot is polished and conceals his emotions. Another example where the two can be compared is when Wentworth helps Mrs Smith when Mr Elliot deserted her in her time of need after the death of her husband. Here Austen clearly wants to show the differences between the two characters, and it highlights how Wentworth is from a lower class and has made his own fortune through hard work and how Mr Elliot stands to inherit his fortune whilst not even being half the man Wentworth is. In conclusion it could be said that Mr Elliot is of vital significance to the novel and that Austen uses him to further the plot, especially between Anne and Wentworth. He is used to show the characters and the readers that even though he is from the upper classes it does not mean that he is better than any one else. This brings up the theme of the changing ideal of the gentlemen in Persuasion. Austen also uses him throughout the novel in relation to the major themes, for example family as well as love.

The Trajectory of ISIS: Political Discourse and Youth Agenda

Introduction The influence of Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) is spreading fast not only in the Middle East but also across the globe. The sophistication and intensity of the ISIS’s onslaughts to expand their territory has raised questions of how they manage to accomplish their missions in the recent past. Most studies on the problems facing Middle East have focused on the immediate issues and concerns related to radical Islamic groups; however, this research seeks to investigate the future of ISIS in the dimension of youth agenda. Studies have shown that majority of the youth in Islamic states believe that Islam should play a role in the political discourse (Motadel, 2014; Sarikil, 2010). Their demand, based on theory, is that states based on Islamic principles are more desirable than one with liberal approach to governance (Motadel, 2014). Although the youth desire to have states under strong Islamic principles, history indicates that youth put more importance to their ethnic and sectarian identities than to their national identity (Jung and Raudvere, 2008). The emerging problem, among other issues, in this scenario is that the imagined ideal Islamic state is in question because there is no single Islamic identity that everyone would agree upon. Therefore, one fundamental question arises, â€Å"what is this Islamic State being advanced by the ISIS and what is it practicality in the perspective of future political discourse?† We advance this question further and ask: What do the Muslim youth believe in the purely â€Å"Islamic State† and systemIs there any single Islamic ideology among the Muslim youthsIf yes, what are these ideologiesIf no, what are the conflicting differences and what do they mean for the future of ISIS? Reference Jung, D. and Raudvere, C. (2008). Religion, Politics, and Turkey’s EU Accession. NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Motadel ,D. (2014). â€Å"The Ancestors of ISIS,† The New York Times. 23 September 2014. Internet: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/24/opinion/the-ancestors-of-isis.html. Date accessed: 25 October 2014. Sarikil, Z. (2010). Curbing Kurdish ethno-nationalism in Turkey: an empirical assessment of pro-Islamic and socio-economic approaches. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 33(3): 533-553.

Assess the View Family Is Found in Every Society Essay

Assess the view that the family is found in every society. (24 marks) A family is a group of people that live together in the same household, they work together and pool their resources and to some extent they share domestic tasks and income. Families often reproduce and have children. They usually include an adult male and female who have a sexual relationship which is approved of by the wider society as it is often a marital relationship. This is Murdock’s definition of a family and is often considered to be a nuclear family. Murdock, a functionalist, based his definition on a sample of 250 societies which ranged from hunting and gathering bands to small-scale farming societies to large-scale industrial societies. He found a variety of family forms within his sample however each contained a basic nucleus consisting of a husband and a wife with one or more children, either their own or adopted. Murdock believed that the nuclear family is a universal social grouping as it is f ound in all societies. Aside from the nuclear family there are also extended families, these often contain relatives of kin either through blood or through marriage. This is often having aunties and uncles who become family through marriage and then have children to make the family bigger with cousins. These all stem off from the nuclear family. Families are also larger due to beanpoles, this is usually grandparents and grandchildren, and the family gets bigger due to different generations getting bigger. In the nuclear family it is usually a monogamous marriage that takes place, this is where a person only marries one person and this is considered the norm in many societies. In other societies polygamy is the norm. This is where a person is permitted to marry more than one person at a time for example in the Mormon society this is the norm. This often occurs in these societies as there is a shortage of men or women, due to the economic stability or to provide more children. In some societies, the nuclear family is not the norm. Felicity Edholm said that there was nothing normal or natural about the nuclear family. She states that family and kinship relationships are socially constructed as they are based on culture more than on biology. The links between husband and wife, and parent and child are constructed differently within different societies. The Lakker of Burma see there being no blood relationship between the mother and the child, the mother is simple a container for the child to grow in, therefore sexual relationships between the mother and the child are permitted due to no blood relationship so it is not seen as incest. This shows that in societies a nuclear family is not normal. The Nayer society in India is made up of men and women descended through the female line from a common ancestor. Brothers and sisters, women and children live together; the children are members of their mothers group and not their fathers. The Nayer girls marry a man before puberty and later on are permitted to as many lovers as they want. Her ‘husband’ may or may not be one of these lovers. The children are raised in their mother social group and ‘husbands’ and fathers so not share the same residence as their ‘wives’ and have little to do with their children. The brother of the mother raises the children like his own rather than the biological father and it is his job to look after them. This IK society is another society which doesn’t have a nuclear family. The IK societies face a daily struggle to survive in the face of draught, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot look after themselves are regarded as useless burdens. Children are regarded as useless appendages the same as old people as they use up precious resources so they are often abandoned and left to die, sick and disabled children are also left to die. The IK mothers throw the children out of the village compound at three years old and they have to then fend for themselves. These examples of non-nuclear families are interactionalists idea’s and do show that the family is not universal as there are some societies without families such as the IK. The Marxists agree with the interactionalists in that families don’t appear in all societies, the Marxists believe that families only appear in societies with a private residence therefore making it non-universal. The feminists believe that the family only appears in families where the men dominate the women; it doesn’t have to be universal. The new rights think that there is a universal human tendency to live in families; however there are other universal tendencies too such as the desire for survival. In these cases the tendency for families to appear may be overridden. In modern western societies the family may be in decline because selfishness over-rides the natural tendency to form families.

Childrens Cognitive Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Childrens Cognitive Development - Assignment Example Both teachers report at motivation is easy to achieve in 2nd and 4th grade because children still seek to please authority figures at this stage in their development. Rewards for good behavior, such as extra recess time are no longer possible because so much time is devoted to standardized testing. These teachers have adapted by offering students more choices about how and what they learn within the classroom. Differentiated instruction is a key to motivation and classroom management in elementary school. Both teachers agree that there is a difference between what they feel parents should do for their child’s education and what they actually see happening. Both teachers feel a stable home with good nutrition, boundaries concerning bed times and video games, and exposure to books and literature are all helpful. A home with scheduled study times was also identified as being a plus. Bothe teachers agree in stating that less than half of their children now have this sort of a home. Even the affluent, educated kids seem overscheduled and parents appear overindulgent when it comes to permitting TV watching and playing into the late hours of the evening. Kids seem tired and restless according to the 4th grade teacher. I interviewed the principal of a middle school for the next set of questions. She related that Gifted children have their needs addressed in two ways. One of the methods employed is to write specific skills or activities the classroom teacher must develop and do as a part of fulfilling the GIEP. This ensures that students are challenged within the regular classroom setting. She pointed out that inclusion is an important concept for Gifted students as well as students with learning disabilities. The second method employed is through the district Gifted Coordinator. This individual meets one day out of six with the gifted students in the

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 28

Philosophy - Essay Example If looked at closely, one thing that comes out in the open is that the ontological argument given by Descartes differs from the original explanations of the ontological argument. The model for the majority of conventional deductions is the ontological argument presented by St. Anselm in the Proslogium II. Interpreted loosely, Descartes argument means that his notion of God is that of a superlatively perfect being. In itself, existence is excellence. In reality, God must exist or else the idea that one has about God would lack any form of perfection and as expected this would be illogical. The core of God is confined in the idea of existence just like the essence of a triangle revolves around its three sides (Platinga 11). Over the years, there have been various interpretations given on what Descartes really meant in his ontological argument. However, most of given interpretations only examines the simple meaning of existence but Descartes arguments looks at existence in relation to the perfection of God. In short, what Descartes is claiming is that there is no any other way that he can examine the context of God due to his nature as an omnipotent and perfect being. According to Descartes, any idea that an individual has on God must reflect this need. Naturally, this is a special case of perfection and for that reason, any idea of God that an individual has must have objective reality owing to the nature of what it symbolizes (Malcolm 41). According to some modern philosophers, it is apparent that what Descartes depicts by necessary existence is not what a few modern philosophers refer to as logical necessity. In its place, Descartes points to an ontological requirement or perpetual as well as the unconditioned existence. In to ensure that the ontological consideration re understood with certainty, he brings in discussions of epistemological and psychological essentials to match his epistemology. It is interesting to

Search engine industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Search engine industry - Essay Example Hence, might create rivalry shift due to intense rivalry and technological advances.Established or major competitors with strong product differentiation and backing like MSN, Yahoo, AOL/Netscape are already on board in this competition. Hence, it will alert potential newcomers to size up and determine if they can match these companies in terms of capital requirements and experience.This market size is just a fraction of the bigger industry if other leading internet companies like Amazon.com and Ebay are included in the analysis. Hence, the US$ 11.8 billion size can be considered as the floor or minimumThe intense competition, however, demands more improvements and more developments with shorter life cycles. This can significantly erode the profitability of the firm for companies like Google must allocate big resources in research and innovation in order to capture the general market.Convergence is the significant factor in the changing search engine industry. Providing highly relevan t search results will no longer be the best talking points. In the long run, it will be considered as standard in the industry. The emerging challenge is how to lump different services around the search engine.Case in point: MSN to incorporate search capabilities to MSN Encarta, MS Outlook, and Internet Explore. Another, Google is integrating other systems like Froogle, Gmail, and Blogger under the blanket search engine. The idea is to be a one-stop shop that will cater to majority of internet users. It means that one need to go to Google to make some

The Future of Access Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Future of Access Control - Essay Example This paper will examine the future of access control systems. Access control systems are being increasingly characterized by the convergence between the physical security of the facility and Information technology which is responsible for the security management of the facility which includes issues like authentication and logging. Access control methods can be broadly classified into three categories. Firstly, the visual recognition techniques which rely on a human to check the identity card issued to authorized personnel. This is the oldest form of access control and has several advantages like simplicity, ease of use, low implementation cost (though the cost is recurring in nature) and there is no requirement to always keep the password handy. There are disadvantages too like, the reliance on the human factor and the consequent scope for error; the identity cards can be easily duplicated and finally the low speed at which the checking takes place. Secondly we have the mechanical access control systems which can be characterized as the lock and key mechanism where the key acts as the physical identifier (Honey, Gerard 2005). This system has been used by humanity to secure physical spaces for a long time. The advantages are the simplicity of use and the low cost of implementation. However the disadvantages ar e that there is no way to prevent or regulate the duplication of an authorized key and there is no system to prevent or log unauthorized attempts. The third method of access control is the electrical access control systems which usually consist of an electromechanical lock which is operated by a set of valid keys. This method can be used imaginatively in various kinds of scenarios to provide differing levels of security. The advantages and the disadvantages of the mechanical access control systems are retained with the additional requirement of electrical cabling. The fourth method of access control is the electronic access control. This is proving to be an increasingly popular solution due to several factors. This method represents a convergence of electronics, Information Technology and physical access control. They can be broadly sub divided into three sub categories, keyboard based, smart based and biometrics based (Horrowitz,P and W. Hill 1992). The merits and demerits of each of these categories will be discussed in detail later in this paper. However all these electronic access control systems have the following advantages like a high level of security, increased flexibility in deployment resulting from a wide possibility for application, operation and small size. They also have some generic drawbacks like enhanced cost of deployment and the requirement of specialized knowledge for installation. Access control is about the continuing race between the increasingly complex access control systems and the people who are trying to gain unauthorized access. This demands a continually evolving technology. This paper will examine the future trends of access control systems and the various technologies associated with them. Types of Barriers and Design of Systems There are several types of barriers with each barrier having its own advantages and disadvantages. These advantages and di

Habitual Offender Laws in Alabama Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Habitual Offender Laws in Alabama - Essay Example While Erwin Chemerinsky tries to prove that the three strikes law does not always work and the absurdity of applying it to the Leandro Andrade and other nonviolent offences, Helland and Tabarrok have estimated that it effectively deters as well as incapacitates both soft core and hard core offenders, by reducing crime between 17-20 percent. It is costly since the average offender under three strikes law spends at least 20 years in prison. Even so, it helps prevent at least 31,000 crimes a year by keeping criminals off the streets for longer terms. Introduction The three strikes law is a law that allows State Courts to impose a life sentence with possibility of parole for people who have been convicted of three or more crimes of violent or serious nature. It was popular in the 1990s but has been criticized of late - it does not allow for judges to look at the circumstances of the case and let the punishment fit the crime. Discussion It seems that three strikes law is another form of m andatory sentencing, and those guidelines were thrown out of the window by the Supreme Court in 2005 (MSNBC News Website, 2005). Writing against the habitual offenders law in California, Harvard graduate and Constitutional Law expert Erwin Chemerinsky’s article entitled ‘Is California’s Three Strikes Mandatory Sentencing Law Cruel and Unusual Punishment?’ argues against the Three Strikes Law in the light of three or four cases. Leandro Andrade was sentenced to 50 years or two consecutive terms of 25 years each because of stealing kids’ videotapes on two separate occasions- the total value of which was $153. Because he had two prior convictions, the judge decided to slap a felony on him- instead of a misdemeanor that carried a much lesser sentence. The main impetus for change has come from FAMM or Families Against Mandatory Sentencing, which states that these laws are unrelenting and pass sentence just on the basis of the weight and type of drug an o ffender possesses (FAMM, 2012) The Law has clearly established that grossly disproportionate punishments are cruel and unusual and violate the Eighth Amendment. In Atkins v. Virginia (2002) the Court had ruled that the Eighth Amendment succinctly prohibits excessive sanctions. What is to be looked at is (1) the gravity of the offence and the harshness of the penalty; (2) sentences imposed on other criminals in the same area and (3) sentences imposed on criminals for the same crime committed in other areas. In Coker v. Georgia (1977) it was ruled that the sentence of death prescribed for rape was grossly disproportionate and excessive in terms of the Eighth Amendment. Similarly in Solem it was argued that to convict a man to life imprisonment for passing a bad check for $100 and six prior lighter and nonviolent offences was unconstitutional and excessive. Both the Helm and Andrade cases were non-violent offences and involved amounts less than $400, which separates grand theft from pe tty theft. By looking at prior records, the three strikes law is punishing a criminal for prior offences for which he has already served time. It could be upheld if reasonable men supported the decision, but no reasonable man will. Writing in support of the three strikes law in Does Three Strikes Deter? Eric Helland and Alex Tabarrok (2007) state that this law was enacted in California in March 1994.

Classical Mythology - Odyssey Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classical Mythology - Odyssey - Research Paper Example He considered himself as having the same status with King Oedipus (Schefold & Giuliani, 29). This meant that people had to get to the king through him. He appeared to have the capability to be a bother to the people if he was the king. However, Creon argued that he was the one who made Oedipus the king. After Laius death, the king of Thebes was Creon. However, after his city was tormented by the Sphinx, he announced that anyone with a solution would get both his sister, Jocasta, and his crown. He never went back to that promise.  Creon and Odyssey tend to share a number of similarities. None of the characters seems to be entirely good or bad. Creon is known to have come up with a harsh law that discouraging people from mourning Polyneices. The punishment for breaking that rule would be death. According to Creon, burying and mourning Polyneice was considered to be a criminal act. The penalty was death by stoning in a public square. However, after discovering Antigone was involved in burying Polyneices, he issued a different punishment to her. This revealed that he is not as terrible as he appeals. He ordered that both Antigone and Ismene be guarded well (Marks et al, 53). Creon appears to be stubborn with regard to the harsh law he had proposed. Odysseus, who was the king of Ithaca, appeared to be victorious for ten years. He effectively defended Ithaca in the period of the Trojan War. Although he appeared to be a noble person, it indulged in adultery and forsook his wife, Penelope. This revealed that he was not as respectable as many might have thought. Odysseus lay with his wife every night but was insensitive to her desire.  Creon and Odysseus appeared to be flawed in their character. Creon appeared to have excessive pride. He claimed to have exclusive power to give orders in the entire city. As the king, he was the only one issuing orders in the city. His character came out as domineering and insensitive (Beye, 17).  

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses Essay

Exploration of Essential Skills for Nurses - Essay Example Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehension, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. Indeed nurses should be skillful enough to apply all of these principles of nursing in order to procure the highest possible excellence in their job. Nurses are to be sincere enough to avoid the subtle violation of the patients’ rights that are provided by these principles. Exploration of Essential skills for Nurses Introduction Nurses are the indispensable component of modern health care industry. A registered nurse must achieve all of the essential nursing skills and have clear understanding of the philosophical connotations of the principles in order to avoid the inclusive confusions. Necessarily these skills include social perceptiveness, reading comprehension, oral comprehen sion, judgment and decision making, advocacy, compassion, excellent communication and observation skills, ability to answer questions and to work as part of a team, problem sensitivity, critical thinking, etc. ... allenging skill that a nurse urgently should achieve is ‘decision making’ in which the nurses and the health care professionals, who are involved in caring the patients, are faced with several dilemma and crisis. Normally decision-making in nursing includes the ethical values and laws. But some the set of ethical values fails to encapsulate the unexpected situation in the patient’s condition, which often poses difficulties because of the emotional factors, beliefs, etc. Bukhardt and Nathaniel (2002) says, â€Å"It can stir numerous emotion laced with both certainty and doubt about the rightness of the decision† (p. 132). Emotion will need an extra concern in such cases in order to avoid the possible unexpected outcomes. Necessarily actions needs to be taken by the participants on the decisions made previously. But certainly â€Å"after acting upon the decision, the participants begin a process of response and evaluation† (Bukhardt & Nathaniel, 2002, p. 132). Indeed a health care professional or a nurse should go through four steps: articulation of the problem, Gathering data, Exploration of the strategies, implementing the strategies and Evaluation of the outcome. With the following decision making steps the dilemma of this nurse can be solved: a. Articulation of the problem, b. Gathering data, c. Exploration of the strategies, d. Implementing the strategies and e. Evaluation of the outcome. Social Perceptiveness and Perceiving the Ethical Concerns Nurses have to be socially perceptive and they have a good amount of comprehensive knowledge of the ethics and norms of the community in which they are supposed to work. According to Nightingale nursing should be based on the environmental and social adaptation. For her environment should determine the traits of nursing.

Homelessness in Need Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homelessness in Need - Research Paper Example This research paper describes the homelessness isue that is a big social problem everywhere in the world today. The United States of America are also not an exception. The researcher focuses on analysis of what makes people homeless today. It is stated in the research paper that changing family concepts, unemployment, structural problems individual problems etc are making people homeless in modern world. It is aldo described that homelessness affects children more than anybody else today and it is important task of governmental and other social organizations to decrease the issue of homelessness arounf children and teenagers in the United States. In March 2009 CNN reported that in the United States of America one of every fifty children faces homelessness, meaning that more than 1.5 million children face this problem, "These numbers will grow as home foreclosures continue to rise†. The reasons for homelessness are different in different countries. In the United States, children who suffer from poverty or domestic violence may develop physical and emotional problems as a result of homelessness and instability. Homeless children are sick at twice the rate of other children. They suffer twice as many ear infections, have four times the rate of asthma, and have five times more diarrhea and stomach problems. To conclude, the researcher expresses his hope that government of the United States, social organizations and the individuals combine well and cooperate well can eradicate homelessness permanently from American soil.

Curbing Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment Essay Example for Free

Curbing Examination Malpractices in Nigerian Educational Assessment Essay The paper examines the role or intervention of guidance and counseling in curbing examination malpractice in Nigerian educational assessment among all the stake holders in education industry. Counseling can be of much interventional assistance in bringing re-orientation of students, teachers, the school and the society. Also provides social, orientational and psychological counseling as an antidote for examination malpractice in Nigeria. Therefore, this paper dwells on concept of guidance and counseling, what examination malpractice is all about, and exposes the causes and an overview of background of examination malpractice in Nigeria is discussed. Similarly, the social effects of examination malpractice is discussed as it affects the political, moral, socio-economic of the nation and conclude with suggestion and solutions through counseling intervention so as to protect the validity and sanctity of examination in Nigeria All over the world examination is considered very important in educational system. By means of it, learners are formally measured and placements are made based on the results accrued from it. In Nigeria, education has been adopted as an instrument for meaningful national development. Therefore, government, communities, private organizations, and individuals have established educational institutions with a view to training the citizens for the development of the nation’s physical and human resources. In these institutions, teaching and guidance services are supposed to take place so that appropriate skills and knowledge can be acquired by the learners. Furthermore, machinery through which the extent of knowledge and skill acquisition is determined at each stage of learning has been set up. This is in form of examination which would be organized in order to evaluate, assess, place and test knowledge and skills. The outcome of the examination is used as a basis for decision making on the examinee’s ability. In view of the exceeding importance attached to examination at national and international levels, examinations are seen as an activity that should be executed well. Learners in Nigeria see examination as activities that should be successfully carried out if future is assured. Thus, there are many instances where there are tendencies to pass examination at all costs. These trends and phenomena really called for concerns from all Quarters including the professional guidance counselors. Educational Guidance as seenbyEncarta(2009),a process of helping students to achieve the self-understanding and self-direction necessary to make informed choices and move toward personal goals. Guidance focuses on the complete development of individual students through a series of services designed to maximize school learning, stimulate career development, and respond to the personal and social concerns that inhibit individual growth. Although guidance activities are usually associated with educational professionals known as counselors, educational guidance is actually a cooperative enterprise involving the participation of teachers, administrators, other educational specialists, and parents. Similarly, Egbule (2002) puts the concept of Guidance and Counseling as a helping service in the understanding of the factors or events that led to the conceptual evolution of it as a subject matter, a professional discipline and indeed a helping service. Meanwhile, he submitted further that it is these factors that are responsible for its popularization as helping service and subsequent use in resolving various educational, vocational and socio-personal problems of individual in the society. Some of the factors according to Egbule, (2002) include: * Traditional practices relating to advising * Civilization in modern society and problems associated with it * Development in the field of psychology and philosophy * Educational development * Socio-political developments * Different behavior problems of individuals that require counseling, among others. Ipaye, (1983) in Abdu, (2007) define guidance and counseling as a helping service that provides the atmosphere as well as the setting within a professional counselor can help a person (client) or a group of person in terms of resolving educational, vocational and personal-social problems. It is also the process of assisting the individuals acquire, get acquainted with and becoming aware of the opportunities in the personal, social, educational and vocational world. This is with a view to experiencing and exploring various interventional communication roles. No doubt, counseling has a long interventional role to play by virtue of its significant relevance in curbing examination malpractices in Nigerian educational society as the comprehensive services would bring about positive attitudinal change in individuals thus creating an opportunity to operate in an atmosphere free from corruption and tension. Administration of examination has generally been associated with the problem of cheating, otherwise known as examination malpractice. Examination malpractice has been defined in various ways. Imogie (2001) in Umar A and et al (2009) maintain that it involves wrong doing before, during or after an examination by candidates and sometimes invigilators, supervisors, typists, printer, or group whose actions give a candidate or group of candidates an undue advantage in an examination. It is also seen as an improper and dishonest act associated with examination with a view to obtaining unmerited advantage, while WAEC itself consider examination as any irregular behavior exhibited by candidates or anybody charge with the responsibility of conducting examination in or outside the examination hall, before, during or after examination. (WAEC, 2003) It could be deduced that examination malpractice is all round irregularities associated with the conduct of examination. Since human beings have always been conscious of human ability and efficiency in the area of appointments or promotions, examinations of different form or standard have been with mankind in the course of human evolution. Examination has along history in the world as reported by Pratt (1980) in Umar G, Mburza A, Bulama K, (2009) that examination malpractices was first noticed over 3000 years ago in the famous Chinese Civil Service and regulations which include death penalty for both the guilty students and examiners. Olowu, (2006) in Nnachi, (2009) added that from China, formal examination spread to different parts of the world. By the middle of the 19th century, competitive examinations were introduced in Britain and India for the selection of government officials. Corrupt practices in examination in Nigeria dated back to the pre-independence. According to various sources, the first publicly reported case of examination malpractices was in 1914, when the question papers of the Senior Cambridge Local Examination were reportedly seen by the candidates before the date of the examination. Since then, there have been incessant cases of irregularities reported on annual basis, the outstanding years were 1963, 1967, 1970, 1973, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1994 to 2003 (WAEC, 2004) the major features of the examination malpractices reported were: impersonation, smuggling in foreign materials, slot in, stealing, converting, collusion in examination hall, mass cheating, mass organized cheating, unlawful assistance from teachers and outsiders and insult on supervisors. This ugly phenomenon is inimical to academic and social development and it needs to be addressed drastically. The incidence of examination malpractices over the years has become so alarming in both public and private institutions despite various sanctions employed. Examination malpractices have in recent years remained one of the disturbing phenomenons in educational institutions in Nigeria. The trend which takes different dimensions and forms has become alarming especially in higher institution of learning. It is not limited to internal examination prepared by schools, colleges, polytechnics, and universities, but it has gone up to external examinations such as WAEC, NECO, UTME, NTI, NABTEB, and professional examinations. The situation became embarrassing to the nation that the Federal Military Government had to promulgate Decree20 to deal with it. Part of the provision of the Decree reads: Any person who fraudulently or with intent to cheat or secure any unfair advantage to himself or any person or in abuse of his office, produces, sells or buy, or otherwise deals with any question paper intended for the examination of persons at any examination or commit any of the offence specified in section 3 (27) (c) of this Decree, shall be guilty of an offence and on conviction be sentence to 21 years imprisonment. However, Examination Malpractices Act 33 of 1999 reversed the above Decree but stipulates punishment ranging from a fine of N50, 000 to N100, 000 and imprisonment for a term of 3-4 years with or without option of fine. It is regretful to note that this is a toothless bulldog as none of these penalties has been fully implemented, if at all they are implemented.

Soviet Montage Theory Film Essay

Soviet Montage Theory Film Essay Eisentein describe montage is one of the editing style of discontinuity in graphic qualities which means how the filmmakers combine together all the different shots sizes in different camera angle by using the editing suite with the force of powerful narrative. Eisenstein held that proper film continuity should not proceed smoothly,but through a series of shocks. Whenever possible, he tried to create some kind of visual conflict or discontinuity between two shots with the goal of creating a jolt in the spectators psyche. The visual explosions on the screen were intended to create a continual source of stimulants or shocks to keepthe audience wide awake. The dynamics of montage serve as impulses driving forward the total film,Eisentein wrote. Juxtaposition of shots of high visual contrast will create conflict in storyline. Besides, soviet montage can also create the dramatic impact that will broke all the rules of smooth, invisible editing of the Classical Hollywood style. As the result, this theory can make sure the visual could create the impact esspecialy to manipulate emotion of the audiences. This is because by using the technique of juxtaposed the shot, different scene or situation can be shown at the same time and at the different location. Sometime juxtaposed could become as a cross-cutting. In the film Perempuan, Isteri dan .. which directed by U-Wei Hj Shaari is one of the film that can be classify as the film that been using soviet montage theory in their editing. This theory that being used in their editing can be prove by looking at the scene A which the character of the husband cast by Nasir Bilal Khan was repairing the tyre of his lorry that explodes and replacing the tyre by using the spare tyre. Whereas in the scene B, the character of the wife cast by Sofia Jane were in the bush looks like doing something with another man. In the visual we could see the cutting point of the this two scenes actually happen in the same time but different location. We can see that through the editing technic, this film has manipulated audiences emotion. Realism is another technic of editing which being started by Andre Bazin. He was one of the influential French film critic and film theorist. In his perspective that film should try to view what is just related to reality because for him when watching a movie or a film we as the audiences should be shown the reality of the world. Just like he said, he depicted that what he saw as objective reality. We can see what is the meaning of objective reality is just same as documentaries and Italian-Neorealism school which the directors are usually invisible just like Howard Hawk. Besides, Bazin also have started and expand the meaning and the uses of deep focus, wide shot and the technic of shot-in-depth. In this era of Bazin theory of realism which being used by some of the directors such as Orson Welles and Jean Renoir are usually referred to true continuity that we can see through mise-en-scene which done by doing experiments in the editing process and visual effects. Through Bazins theor y, he try to emphasize how the cinema actually manipulate reality. Concerntrate more on objective reality, lack of montage and the using of deep focus are related to interpretation of a film or a scene that should be left to the spectator. This is to make sure that all of the people in the groups that watching the movie, understand and try to feel what is the director trying to share and tells the audiences through his film. Bazin also believe that film actually represent personal visions of the director which known as personalism. Furthermore, Bazin also known as appreciative criticism. Film which directed by arwah Yasmin Ahmad usually used the theory of Andre Bazin. In her film we can see that how he try to potray the reality in our real life and the reality that we see in the film through the lense of the camera looks like what we see and facing in the real life. As the example we can see through the film that directed by arwah Yasmin Ahmad Mukhsin in the scene where the main character Mukhsin was dreaming that he is flying when he sitting at the bench near the paddy field. For this scene, arwah Yasmin using a long take to view the beauty of the paddy field and also she try to show how long actually we as a human will take when we are dreaming and at the same time actually we imagine anything that may be we cannot do in our real life. Another example we can see in the film Gubra regarding to the scene that shows long take of a kampungs house. This technique such as long take being done with its own reason which the meaning is about showing the panoramic view of th e house and the kampung. Realism is about less editing in the film and it is focusing more on realistic aesthetic in film.

Misconceptions of psychology

Misconceptions of psychology Numerous studies have shown undergraduate students and everyday people to have a range of misconceptions about psychology. This study examined misconceptions among one group of first year psychology students, and another group of first year engineering students in order to determine whether psychology students perform significantly better than students of other academic disciplines in regards to their knowledge of psychology. A quasi-experimental independent-groups design was used, with the independent variables in this study having two levels, or whether the participant was either a psychology or engineering student and the dependent variable of the number of correct questions the individual achieved on the questionnaire. Results of this study showed that students from the two disciplines differ in their misconception and knowledge of psychology, with descriptive statistics and analyses of an independent groups t-test and a point biserial correlation showing a significant difference between the two groups. Conclusively, this study suggests that psychology students do have fewer misconceptions compared to engineering students, while further stating an alternative explanation and critically analysing procedures used to determine the produced results. Further research of in this area could focus on testing the misconceptions of a more varied sample, administer a different type of questionnaire, while also extending such research to a range of groups such as psychologists, doctors, teachers, or students of numerous disciplines. Misconceptions of psychology: A comparative study between psychology and engineering students Psychological research, regardless of the specific topic of study, is based upon the same scientific principles as the other hard sciences like physics and chemistry. Nevertheless, psychology has a long history of fighting a commonly held perception that it does not qualify as a scientific discipline and that it generates knowledge that is mere common sense. In many cases, however, common sense leads to an incorrect appreciation of phenomena that have been scientifically investigated by psychologists. Several studies have shown that undergraduate students and lay people alike hold many misconceptions about psychology. These misconceptions have been demonstrated in the United States and England and in several different courses of study. McCutcheon, Furnham, and Davis (1993) asked if there was a significant difference in the prevalence of misconceptions about psychology between American and English university students. They administered a 65 item multiple-choice questionnaire and found that English students generally did better than American students, though neither group answered more than half of the questions correctly. While the authors offered no clear explanation for either the poor performance or the difference between the two groups, they speculated that selective reporting in the mass media may contribute to both the formation of misconceptions and their resolution. Martin, Sadler, and Baluch (1997) tested undergraduate students from psychology, sociology, business, English and engineering from Middlesex University, U.K. on their general knowledge of psychology. Questions on their test invited common sense but incorrect answers. Out of a possible score of 38, psychology students scored highest with an average score of 17.08 while engineering students scored lowest with 11.57. Martin et al. also found that engineering students were least likely to regard psychology as one of the hard sciences or even one of the social sciences. The present study followed up previous reports of students generally poor performance on tests of misconceptions about psychology. Specifically, we repeated a portion of Martin et al.s (1997) study of misconceptions about psychology. We tested two Australian undergraduate classes, one introductory psychology class and one introductory engineering class, on a true/false test of common misconceptions about psychology adapted from Best (1982).This way of replicating a study is known as conceptual replication. While not all details of the Martin et al. study were replicated, this study allowed researchers to answer the overall question of misconceptions in psychology from a different angle. For this to be considered an exact replication of the Martin et al. study, misconception tests should have been given to individuals from a range of both first and last year psychology, sociology, business studies, engineering and English students, compared to just first year psychology and engineerin g students. Additionally, this study did not use a multiple choice test of misconception, but rather assessed misconception using a true or false questionnaire and provided no questionnaire of student attitudes towards psychology. The present study aimed to determine whether psychology students perform significantly better than students of other academic disciplines in regards to their knowledge of psychology. It was hypothesized that psychology students would have the lowest number of misconceptions about psychology, while engineering students would express the most misconceptions. Method Participants The 641 participants in this study consisted of 282 first year, undergraduate psychology students and 359 first year, undergraduate engineering students. Of the two groups in the study, the psychology group consisted of 75 males and 207 females, with ages ranging from 16 to 59 years, and a mean age of 20.3 years and a standard deviation of 5.5 years. The engineering group consisted of 264 males and 95 females, with ages ranging from 16 to 59, and a mean age of 20.0 years and a standard deviation of 5.3 years. The experiments were conducted at a university during Week 2 tutorials in the second half of the university year. Students were recruited by means of whether they were enrolled in either PSYC1040 or ENGG1000, two courses offered at the university. Design and Materials For the present study, a quasi-experimental independent-groups design was used. Similar to a true experiment, this study set up two levels of the I.V. (independent variable) and measured its effect on the D.V. (dependent variable). In this case, formation of the two groups was established by random assignment, but also by criteria established prior to completing the study. The independent variable in this study had two levels, or whether the participant was either a psychology or engineering student, while the dependent variable was the number of correct questions the individual achieved on the questionnaire. The key difference in a quasi-experiment is that participants in this study were tested on their knowledge and misconceptions according to characteristics they already acquired. The experiment used a 36-item true or false questionnaire (see Appendix A) to measure participants misconceptions and knowledge about psychology. The statements were drawn from a previous study conducted by Best (1982), which additionally suggested these statements appeared in a range of contemporary psychology textbooks and other similar questionnaires. Each statement consisted of a short sentence describing a simple scenario or event (e.g. psychiatry is a subdivision of psychology) and for which each participant was instructed to provide a true or false answer. Procedure All 641 participants received one copy of the questionnaire. Individuals were given the questionnaire during tutorials in Week 2 of Semester 2, 2010. Members of each tutorial group were assigned randomly by means of being there at the given time. Participants were instructed to complete each item individually and answer the statement as honestly as possible. The questionnaire was completed individually by the participants, without any interaction with fellow colleagues. Participants were given 10 minutes to fill in their answers, after which they were asked to swap their questionnaires with the person sitting next to them. Each participant then counted how many of the answers were correct and wrote down a score out of 36. For all the questions, the answer was false. Questionnaires and scores for both PSYC1040 (see Appendix B, figure 3) and ENGG1000 (see Appendix B, figure 4) were collected for further analysis and publication of the raw data. Results Data for both groups was explored graphically through frequency tables, frequency polygons, and box-and-whisker plots and were statistically analysed by means of an independent groups t-tests and a squared point-biserial correlation coefficient. Table 1. Mean questionnaire score and standard deviation of PSYC1040 and ENGG1000 Descriptive Statistic Psychology Engineering Mean 20.674 12.262 Standard Deviation 5.246 4.030 Psychology students scores were the higher of the two groups, with a mean of 20.7 and a standard deviation of 5.25 (see Table 1). Engineering students, on average scored lower than psychology students, with a mean of 12.3 and a standard deviation of 4.0 (see Table 1). As further indicated in Appendix C, psychology students performed better, with clear indication scores ranged between 16 and 26, while the engineering students highest scores ranged from 9 to 18 correct answers. Relative frequencies (see Appendix C, tables 4 5) were greater for scores between 15 and 28 for the PSYC1040 group, while scores between 8 and 18 for the engineering students proved to be more relatively frequent. Similarly, Figures 2 and 3 (Appendix D) illustrate PSYC1040 participants to have performed better than ENGG100 students, as psychology students achieved a higher score of 20 (indicated by the peak in the graph) most frequently and compared to engineering students who achieved a high score of only 12 m ost frequently. Additionally, from the distribution illustrated, the highest score from the PSYC1040 group was 36, while the lowest score was 6. Contrastingly, engineering students performed worse, achieving a high score of 30 and a low score of 0. Systematically, psychology students scores (See Appendix E and Appendix G, Figure 5), showed a mode and median of 20 and a range of 30. Descriptive statistics (Appendix E) and the box and whisker display (Appendix G, Figure 6) for the engineering group indicate a mode of 11 and a median of 12, while the range proved to be 30. Descriptive statistics (Appendix E) for the two groups show a significant difference between the two groups. Psychology students in fact performed 8.41 points greater than engineering students. However, in order to obtain a difference which is statistically important, certain assumptions were made to in order to perform further statistical analyses. Three assumptions were made of the independent groups t-test performed. Firstly, it was assumed that scores of PSYC1040 were independent of scores by ENGG1000 students, that data collected is representative of normally distributed populations and that variances of the two groups scores are alike. Test scores of PSYC1040 can be assumed to be independent of test scores of ENGG1000, as individual test scores from PSYC1040 could in no way be related to test scores achieved by ENGG1000 students, as the two groups were different. By means of illustration using the frequency polygons (Appendix D), the second assumption can be proven correct. Whi le the two distributions of the sample look more skewed and peaked than a normal ideal curve, we can make a decision that indeed the two samples of scores are from normally distributed populations as distributions of scores are not too skewed or peaked to violate such an assumption. Variances of the two populations differ slightly, as variance for the psychology group was 27.525 and variance for the engineering group was 16.243. There is no great difference to assume the two differ, so as a result we accept the given data and proceed. An independent groups t-test (see Appendix H) revealed that psychology students (M = 20.67, SD = 5.25) performed significantly better than engineering students (M = 12.26, SD = 4.03), with t (639) = 22.92, p Discussion As predicted, psychology students performed best in the misconceptions of psychology test than engineering students. The independent t-test and point biserial correlation both support the hypothesis proposed. The independent t-test showed significance between the two groups. The difference is very unlikely to occur if the samples were of no difference in the population and as a result the assumption is rejected. In other words, we reject the null hypothesis () and accept the alternative hypothesis, or that we are accepting a difference between the means that is no equal to zero. In this case the mean for psychology test scores is larger than the mean for engineering test scores, so it can be concluded that studying psychology leads to significantly higher tests scores when it comes to misconceptions of psychology. Additionally, the squared point-biserial correlation coefficient also supports the predicted hypothesis. Indicating the proportion of variance in a two sample study, the proportion ranges from 0 (variable has no effect) to 1.0 (variables control scores and therefore 100% of all scored can be predicted accurately). Variables representing between 10% and 30% of variance, indicated a relationship. Therefore, it can be concluded that being an engineering or psychology student accounts for a significant amount of the variance in the test scores. The variable therefore plays an important part in determining the test scores on the misconceptions survey. This means that the study was significantly more accurate at predicting a participants knowledge of psychology by knowing the condition they were in as opposed to just utilising the overall mean score for both conditions. Alternatively, composition of the two classes may have affected the data obtained. In both classes a gender difference exists. The psychology group consisted of more females than males, while the engineering group consisted of more males than females. Uneven numbers of males and females allows the data to be slightly bias. While experimental logic states that if one variable is manipulated, and if everything is kept the same, then all differences we observe are due to the manipulation of that variable. Quasi- experimental studies, which use gender as a variable, cannot be easily manipulated, meaning we cannot change gender throughout the experiment and we cannot be sure everything else stays the same. In order to control for the factor of gender bias, it is important to ensure the samples are representative of both males and females, in both the psychology and engineering groups. Possibly, other types of groups could be tested, all of which should be representative of both genders. McCutcheon (1991) critics the questionnaire used in this study. The Test of Common Beliefs has been constantly criticised on the basis that many items are ambiguously written. It has been argued that making the correct answers to all items false exposed individuals to accept without protest and gives many the opportunity to guess the answer by chance. Furthermore, McCutcheon suggests, items on several misconception tests are not widespread, meaning the test only focuses on a specific set of topics. Several studies such as Vaughan (1977), Lamal (1979), Gardner and Dalsing (1986) and Griggs and Ransdell (1987) all found that only a fraction of their questionnaire items were answered and only by half of their participants. It is possible to come to the conclusion that students which are beginners in psychology do not have many misconceptions about the subject. McCutcheon also proposes a possibility that true-false surveys are perhaps not the best at measuring misconceptions. In order to counter for this, McCutcheon steers away from using the true-false test of misconceptions, including several questions related to participant interest. Overall, results of this study suggest that in fact psychology students do have fewer misconceptions about psychology. It may be that other students of other disciplines are not aware of the knowledge required to overcome such misconceptions and therefore may even dismiss psychology as being a hard science. Further research in the area could include a study of misconceptions based on a larger, varied sample, while also using a questionnaire related to participant interests instead of a true or false questionnaire. Furthermore, future studies could also integrate participants who may be more experienced in the field, such as qualified psychologists in order to further analyse inter-disciplinary comparison of attitudes about psychology.

Children And Television Essay -- essays research papers

Children are vulnerable and easily swayed by everything around them. Parents try to do everything in their power to protect their children from unhealthy environments. They child-proof everything, but they don’t realize that thousands of strangers enter the home everyday...through the television. Television is in 98% of North American homes and the average Canadian child watches four hours of television every day. Most parents do not realize that their children are watching violence-ridden television programs and that by the age of 18 the average North American child will have viewed over 200,000 acts of television violence. Children should not be allowed to watch violent television programs because children are easily desensitized to violence, they are unable to distinguish reality and fantasy and they copy what they see on television. Children are very impressionable and are easily desensitized to the violence they see on television. Research has shown that young children are aroused by aggressive scenes on television and show higher levels of emotion when watching aggressive programs than when watching passive programs. The arousal diminishes with repeated exposure to television and the violence no longer affects children. When people are no longer aroused by violence they become less responsive to human suffering and may not be as quick to help or may not intervene during an emergency. When there is a problem, arousal levels are high and quick action is taken but when arousal levels do no increase then people are not as concerned about the problem and may not jump in to solve it. Because society is becoming more aggressive, there will be more violent sociatal situations and if people do not take swift action and help because they are desenstiaed to the violence, many lives could be lost. Young children have trouble distinguishing between reality and fantasy. They cannot make objective evaluations, cannot form logical conclusions and cannot sort out relevant data about the things they see on television. They don’t understand the difference between what is possible and what is actually probable. If a young child see someone on TV jumping off a mountain and landing on their feet, they believe that it is real becausw they saw it happen with their own eyes and do not have the capacity to believe otherwise. Children do not develop the capacity to dis... ...eir children are watching in addition to the type of programs. In the formative years, they should also explain to their children the difference between "pretend" and "reality." For example, if the child sees someone getting shot on a TV program, the parent should point out that these are just actors pretending to get shot with a pretend gun. Frank discussions about the repercussions of real violence should also be discussed, with the focus on "right" and "wrong" behavior. This will help develop a sense of morality within the child which will allow him or her to make more informed decisions. The hue and cry about reducing the amount of violence on TV has had little affect on programmers or producers. The best defense parents can mount against the cumulative affects of television violence is to clearly explain to their children what is acceptable behavior. If parents explain their expectations to their children, they will be better able to f ormulate their own opinion regarding violence within a strong moral framework rather than within a blurred and confused sense of television reality which glorifies violence and makes is seen acceptable.

A Feminist in Action in The Yellow Wallpaper -- Charlotte Perkins Gilm

   "The Yellow Wallpaper," by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, depicts a woman in isolation, struggling to cope with mental illness, which has been diagnosed by her husband, a physician.     Going beyond this surface level, the reader sees the narrator as a developing feminist, struggling with the societal values of the time.   As a woman writer in the late nineteenth century, Gilman herself felt the adverse effects of the male-centric society, and consequently, placed many allusions to her own personal struggles as a feminist in her writing.   Throughout the story, the narrator undergoes a psychological journey that correlates with the advancement of her mental condition.   The restrictions which society places on her as a woman have a worsening effect on her until illness progresses into hysteria.   The narrator makes comments and observations that demonstrate her will to overcome the oppression of the male dominant society.   The conflict between her views and those of the soc iety can be seen in the way she interacts physically, mentally, and emotionally with the three most prominent aspects of her life:   her husband, John, the yellow wallpaper in her room, and her illness, "temporary nervous depression."   In the end, her illness becomes a method of coping with the injustices forced upon her as a woman.   As the reader delves into the narrative, a progression can be seen from the normality the narrator displays early in the passage, to the insanity she demonstrates near the conclusion. As the story begins, the narrator's compliance with her role as a submissive woman is easily seen.   She states, "John laughs at me, but one expects that in marriage" (Gilman 577).   These words clearly illustrate the male's position of power in a marriage t... ..., Gilman acknowledges the fact that much work is needed to overcome the years of injustice.   Through the concluding scenes where the narrator goes into her mental illness rebellion, Gilman encourages women to do what they can to stand up for themselves.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Works Cited Mahin, Michael J.   The Awakening and The Yellow Wallpaper:   "An Intertextual  Comparison of the "Conventional" Connotations of Marriage and Propriety."   Domestic Goddesses (1999). Web. 29 June 2015. http://www.womenwriters.net/domesticgoddess/mahin.htm Gilbert, Sandra M. and Susan Gubar. â€Å"A Feminist Reading of ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’.† The Story and Its Writer. Ann Charters. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2011. Print. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins.   "The Yellow Wallpaper."  Gutenberg.org   Web. 27 June 2015.  Ã‚  Ã‚   https://www.gutenberg.org/files/1952/1952-h/1952-h.htm   

Discrimination Essay

Discrimination Is Expensive, Inclusion Is Profit On April 20th, 2001, the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) settled a $2.44 million law suit against the University of Incarnate Word (UIW) due to the misuse of an English-Only rule. In Texas, the 18 Hispanic workers who were involved in the class action suit testified to being harassed and bullied over ten years. Their crime deserving of pervasive harassment was speaking Spanish on breaks and during lunch. The EEOC does what it can to limit the harm and misuse of the English-Only policies, but still to this day language discrimination cases are prevalent. The number of English-Only charges that were filed with the EEOC have increased by 500% since 1991(EEOC). Is the English-Only policy flawed, or are companies in America simply not paying enough attention to their employees? In order to reduce language discrimination, American companies need to understand the importance of their multilingual employees’ native language, and focus on the benefits that language diversity can provide. In order to understand how and why companies can enforce English-Only laws, we must examine the regulations set by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) regarding this law. First of all, can employers restrict their employees to speak English at a workplace or must they allow them to speak their native tongue? As with may other legal question this one does not have a simple answer. There are many factors that contribute to the creation of an English-Only rule at a workplace. As stated in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Section 1606.7, English-Only rules cannot be applied in order to discriminate (EEOC). If there is an English-Only rule at a workplace it must apply to all employees and cannot directly target a minority group*. There are a few exceptions of when an English-Only rule can be justified; for communication with customers and superiors, in emergencies when a common language is needed, and for cooperative work assignments (Forbe s). In essence the EEOC attempts to make it very difficult for companies to create such rules unless there is irrefutable evidence that such a rule is needed. Even with such restrictive regulations, why are there so many complaints filed with the EEOC that are caused directly or indirectly by English-Only rules? Despite the close monitoring of such rules, employees in companies with English-Only rules appear to be misusing them to discriminating minorities. Once such case of the rule being misused  to discriminate a minority happened at Delano Regional Medical Center. â€Å"Supervisors, staff, and even volunteers were allegedly encouraged to act as vigilantes, constantly berating and reprimanding Filipino-American employees for nearly six years† (DRMC)***. The Filipino nurses were harassed even during breaks, told to speak English, even though the EEOC regulations clearly state that such actions are not allowed. Besides being verbally abused and threatened some were even ph ysically assaulted. After the case was settled the medical center payed out $975,000. In a similar case the University of Incarnate Word (UIW) payed out a $2.44 million settlement for targeting and discriminating their Hispanic staff (UIW)***. Such cases should alert companies and organizations of the importance of regulating language equality among their staff. Perhaps the reason that cases of language discrimination keep occurring is because many English speaking Americans do not realize how important a native language is to an immigrant. Language is an identity, it defines who we are. Even within a single country a different dialect can define a person. Most people can tell that a person grew up in Boston, or Texas, or California without even seeing the person, simply by the way they talk. If New-yorkers can be proud of their New York accent, why cant immigrants be proud or their native language? Our language, accent, and dialect is as much a part of our identity as physical appearance or the color of our skin. Compared to other countries America does not place a big emphasis on learning foreign languages in it’s school system. Because English is the most diverse language in the world, kids are not taught to value and appreciate other languages. By understanding the struggles of the double lives that immigrants must lead, *it will be easier to see why they put so much emphasis on preserving their native language. No one understands the struggles of assimilating into a new culture more than Chang-rae Lee, who d escribes the hardships his mother while learning English, in his essay â€Å"Mute in an English-Only World†. He talks about how much his mother struggled with even simple, every day activities, only because she did not know English. Lee describes how his other could be â€Å"fiery, stern, deeply funny, and ironic† when she spoke Korean, but in English less so. Some of her identity was stripped away by a new language, she was not the same confident and proud women when she was forced to speak an foreign tongue. No law or rule should be able to strip a person identity by  forcing them to speak a language foreign to them. Some might argue that there is nothing wrong with the English-Only rules implemented in American companies. Immigrants should speak only English at work because they live in America, and in America we speak English. Yes, those claims do carry validity and those who immigrate to the United States should learn English, but should it be so strictly enforc ed? Ofcourse employees must be able to communicate with with coworkers and superiors, but should they be punished and abused while they learn the language? No, it is unfair and unconstitutional. America is not a county were one can simply live off the land and not have to work. Although there are programs such as Welfare which provide financial support for immigrants, they are not enough to fully support a family without supplementary income. As it already stands, most Americans oppose the newly proposed work requirement waiver. This means that you are required to maintain a job in order to receive benefits such as Welfare (Standard). Instead of encouraging non-English speaking immigrants to work and support themselves, English-Only laws only intimidate and hinder immigrants and further increase resentment towards them. Instead of scaring off potential employees with English-Only laws, companies should encourage immigrants to work for them in order to gain the many benefits they can provide. Encouraging immigrants to work will reduce unemployment, reducing unemployment improves the economy, and a better economy increases business success. By providing a better atmosphere for immigrant workers in the workplace, companies can create customers. Not only can the immigrants themselves become customers, they can also attract others. In his essay, Lee talks about a trip to a deli with this mother. After finally mustering the cou rage to visit this deli, Lee’s mother was scared off by the shop keeper who could not understand her Korean. After his mother said soggori â€Å"[t]he butcher looked as if my mother had put something sour in his mouth, and he glanced back at the lighted board and called the next number† (Lee). The deli owner lost her business and the profit that came with it. It might have gone much differently if he had a Korean worker that could help Lee’s mother out. As an immigrant myself, I can relate to Lee’s story. As I walk to school everyday I pass by a bakery, there is nothing special about it, nothing that stands out. For a few weeks I walked past the bakery with no intention to go inside, until one day. On one Tuesday morning as I was  walking my normal route I heard someone speaking Russian, when I turned to see who it was I that it was two employees of the bakery. Exited to hear my native tongue I came inside the bakery and introduced myself. After talking to them for fifteen minutes or so they recommended some good for me to try from the bakery. Ever since that day I always stop by that bakery to see my fellow comrades and buy an item or two. After talking to them I found out that they had just recently arrived to America and spoke very little English. They were hired at the deli despite not knowing English, because the owner valued their skill and did not have an English-Only policy. Not only were they able to be productive members of society and provide for themselves, but they were able to quickly learned English at the friendly workplace. The bakery owner gained a loyal customer because chose to focus on the benefits of immigrant employees. All companies want the maximum po tential customer base. Immigrant and bilingual employees with invite new demographics of customers, increasing customer base. Companies need immigrant and bilingual employees. In conclusion American companies will increase their income potential and reduce discrimination among employees if they get rid of their English-Only policies. No one benefits from enforcing these limiting rules. The minority group(s) upon who these rules are enforced are being stripped of their freedom of speech. Language is part of a person’s identity and should not be silenced. Not only does the law target minority groups who are already struggling to assimilate into a new culture, but it also promotes further segregation. As in one of the examples, workers openly harassed their coworkers, backed by a discriminative English-Only rule at Delano Regional Medical Center. Not only are English-Only rules at a workplace a violation of the basic human freedom, they are very costly to companies. The negative publicity created by such cases can have an even more devastating effect on companies than the millions of dollars they must pay out to settle the case. English-Only policies create a hostile workplace environment, reduce employee moral, promote discrimination, and reflect very poorly on the name of the company, while removing such policies will increase customer base and create an overall better economy; therefore, American companies should eliminate English-Only policies

Emotions Are Perfectly Permissible Signs of the Healthy Body’s Response to Stress Essay

What are the essential factors that help to mould a person’s character? The formation of character begins from the early childhood. Of course family plays significant part in character building. Carrying out some simple duties, the child is accustomed to respect and love work, to feel responsibility for the charged business. Under the influence of requirements of parents and tutors, their personal example the child gradually has concepts of what he can do and what he can’t, and it starts to define its behaviour, lays the foundation for a call of duty, discipline, endurance; the child is accustomed to state an estimation to own behaviour. With the Ð µntering school begins the new stage of formation of character . This stage is characterised by that the child faces a considerable quantity of new, strict rules and the duties rigidly defining all its behaviour. Usually these circumstances promote formation of such character traits, as organisation, purposefulness, persistence, accuracy, discipline, diligence. Especially intensively character traits develop at teenagers . And this sensitive period is formed set of character traits, especially what express the relation of the person to a society and people. The major means of a character building is work. In the serious and socially significant work connected with overcoming of difficulties, the best character traits – purposefulness, a collectivism, persistence are brought up. The character building is influenced by the literature and art. Images of literary heroes and their behaviour often serve for the pupil as the original sample to whom it compares the behaviour. The character building is influenced also by a personal example of the tutor, whether it is parents or teachers. What the teacher does much more influences a life of the child, than what he speaks. How the teacher his work how he follows public norms of behaviour, how he control his feelings, what style of his work – all that has enormous importance for a character building of children. Character is not a stiff foundation(Ð ·Ã °Ã' Ã'‚Ã'‹Ð ²Ã'ˆÐ µÃ µ Ð ¾Ã ±Ã'€Ð °Ã ·Ã ¾Ã ²Ã °Ã ½Ã ¸Ã µ),it moulds during all person’s life. It’s known that physiological bents(Ð ·Ã °Ã ´Ã °Ã'‚Ð ºÃ ¸) do not predetermine absolutele development of character. A great assistance( Ð ±Ã ¾Ã »Ã'Å'Ã'ˆÐ °Ã'  Ð ¿Ã ¾Ã ¼Ã ¾Ã'‰Ã'Å') in a character building is rendered by more skilled people and it’s important to find a worthy example for imitation. Character of the person is formed in interaction with others. But the one who undertakes to help another, at first should show itself an example of purposefulness, activity, organisation, firmness and other character traits which he should generate at the pupils. Here it is impossible to forget about mechanisms of imitation which first of all extend on negative displays of behaviour. At first mother, the father, other members of a family, then tutors in a kindergarten, contemporaries, teachers are potential instructors. So those potential instructors should first of all look after themselves. Much depends on them. They should make aware of all responsibility that they take. What are the ways and means by which a person’s character is revealed and estimated? We all know that people are different. Sometimes we meet people whom we don’t like. But some people attract us. Usually when we meet people first of all we look at their appearance, how they look. Of course if a person is untidy, slovenly and unpleasant we don’t want to communicate with him. We don’t even want to be near them. We always look at person’s clothes. As for me I like well-dressed people, who are always neat, tidy and elegant. And if we like person’s appearance we are eager to socialize with them. But sometimes it happens that we are disappointed in people, even we like their appearance. It happens when a person is rude, impertinent, impolite or fussy. So what I want to say that we also pay attention to people’s speech, in what way they communicate. It’s very important to communicate with people politely, friendly, affably and calmly. And I want to say that first impressions play the leading role for further communication. When we meet new people we pay attention to everything, to their appearance, their speech, voice, manners and behaviour. Person’s behaviour says us about some of his or hers character traits. If a person can’t cope with his feelings, always throws tantrums we can understand that he is very nervous, fussy and unrestrained. And if he always hides his feelings, doesn’t let off stem, behaves himself calmly and coolly we can say that this person is reserved, uncommunicative and secretive. But it’s not good. I think it is more interesting to communicate with open, sociable, easy going and cheerful people. I think everyone will agree with me. And I want to say that the more we communicate with a person, the more we know him. And person’s behaviour just helps us to know him. Through some of his deeds we can understand whether a person is scrupulous, sincere or on the contrary unscrupulous and false. Also I always pay attention to person’s attitude to the life, to his parents, friends and other values. Does he respect his parents and friends or not, has he any aim in his life or not. I like purposeful people, they always know what they want and finish whatever they start. These are good traits of character. And also I want to add that I don’t like people who tease animals. May be I don’t like them because I have my cat, but nevertheless I think intelligent person will never hurt animals, they are weak and we should take care of them. And if a person is cruel towards animals I can consider that he is brutal in the life. What is the role played by personal traits of character in choosing a profession? The problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. The profession a person chooses in many ways determines his future life. For many people choosing a career is not an easy task. It is one of the most important decisions one makes in life. The properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life. There are several factors that influence on the decision of young people to make their choice. Much depends on the inclinations and interests of the person. Also the profession of the parents often in this or that way influences on the future profession of their children. And of course personal traits of character play a great role in choosing a profession. It’s very important to take them into account. Because for example if a person is ill-natured, hard-hearted, insensible, fussy and cruel, he couldn’t be a teacher or a doctor. I think teacher should control her or his feelings, not to take her or his irritation out on students or pupils. Of course it’s difficult, because teachers are people and sometimes it’s difficult to cope with feelings. As for me I’m going to be a translator. At school at first I wanted to be a journalist. I admired them. I thought I was born to be a journalist, because I’m communicative, responsible, reliable, sociable, I’m easy to deal with, but I couldn’t write compositions and it was enough for me to refuse that idea. I liked English at school, and I wanted to speak English without any difficulties that’s why I decided to go to our institute and to study English. But I think it’s too little to have only a wish to be a translator, some traits of character are also very important. I think translator should be first of all communicative, sociable, and responsible. And a lazy person couldn’t be a translator, only hard-working, industrious and patient person could manage it. And of course it’s necessary to have a good memory. And I think a good person can choose any profession, it depends on his interests. If he or she is polite, affable, attentive and honest everyone will want to hire him or her. But as for ill-natured people it’s always difficul t to find a good job for them, first of all it’s difficult to get an education, because usually they are unrestrained, intolerant, self-willed, harsh and impertinent, they can start their studying but couldn’t finish it. And they are difficult to deal with. And even if they got an education, nobody wants to work with them. For example nobody let nervous people to work with their children. Or no one wants to hire irresponsible or dishonest person. There are some people who are always shy, not self-confident and it’s hard for them to communicate with other people, they always think that they do something wrong, they become concerned about what people think about them. I think such people can’t achieve any success in their career. They should be more active, assertive and persevering but within reasonable limits. Negative feelings seem to change character with intensity. There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there are some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. It is necessary to say that negative feelings can spoil everything. Usually we can’t take easy many problems. For example, when we quarrel with our family or with our friends, we become tense and sulky. There is no mood to do something. We began to feel anxious. We think that it will be impossible to achieve some good results. When the situation becomes more difficult, we begin to throw tantrums. We can’t find the right decision or to be more exact we don’t try to do it. I’d like to say that when you don’t know how to pull yourself together and to calm down, your character will change with intensity. You will get irritated more often, even without any reasons. Some people lose all hope to realize their dreams. For example, they failed once. And it was difficult for them to cope with negative feelings. People of weak character usually despair deeply and lose any hope to achieve a success. So, I think that it is necessary to be an optimistic person. We should take easy a lot of distressing situations. Who has never tasted bitter, knows not what is sweet. There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. Who is a lucky person? I think a person who coped with some difficulties and achieved a success is really lucky. There is a good proverb. Who has never tasted bitter knows not what is sweet. It is a golden rule. We shouldn’t look for easiest ways in our life. We should be more persistent. For example your friends are planning a hiking tour. But you refused their suggestion to go on a hike with them. You are afraid of bad weather; you don’t know how to make a fire. You don’t want to cut a foolish figure. You prefer to sit at home and to be unnoticeable. But is it right? No, it is not right. There are a lot of children from rich families. They have everything but they do nothing. They get a good education without making any efforts. I don’t think that such children are happy. In my opinion the problem of choosing the future profession has always been very important. The profession a person chooses in many ways determines his future life. For many people choosing a career is not an easy task. It is one of the most important decisions one makes in life. The properly chosen career makes a person happy and successful for the rest of his life. People make much effort to enter the university and to realize their dream to be for example a translator or doctor, etc. They are studying for 5 or six years and after that people try to find a good job. it is a fantastic feelings when you are proud of yourself! You worked hard, you passed a lot of exams and you got a certificate of degree. Now you are a specialist and you have got a gut job. Emotions are perfectly permissible signs of the healthy body’s response to distress There are a lot of difficult situations in our life. We are all different, some people are not afraid of problems. They are persevering and self-possessed. They know how to cope with different problems. But there some people who always unlucky. They are gloomy and sullen. They usually claim of their troubles. I suppose it is very difficult to communicate with such kind of people. I think that it is better to be more optimistic when you are in a bad mood. Is it interesting to be through the difficulties? In my opinion it is very interesting and most of all it is impotent to cope with problems when we meet with them. Hard situations train our willpower. We should learn how to calm down and to try not to let off steam. Usually when we are tense and jumpy, we take our irritation out on friends, parents. Such kind of behavior only makes the situation worse. When we are in a bad mood our body suffers from it too. When we feel anger, physical tension develops automatically. We need to realize this tension through action of some kind. I think it is not bad to let off steam in such a way. They say that physical exercises influence on our mood positively. There are a lot of situations when we need to express our feelings. To be more exact, we need to let off steam. Anger that is expressed automatically clears the air and removes the tension. Sometimes it is necessary to burst into tears. When you are furious, you shouldn’t disguise your feelings. Accumulation of irritation, annoyance and stress leads to headaches, sickness of various kinds. We should take care of our health. I suppose it is better to say a person everything what you think about him. Don’t accumulate fury. Of course we should know where to stop. Otherwise people will be afraid of you. They will begin to avoid communicating with you.

Yellow Woman

people’s interactions with the antelope, or as she calls them, The Antelope People, and the way her people hunted them. A reader takes away not only a feeling of deep respect, which the Laguna Pueblo people had for their fellow Earth inhabitants, but also a feeling of unity like there really was or is no difference between the hunter and the hunted, just their roles, given to them by chance and instinct. This reverence for animal life reflects a much deeper world view held by Leslie Marmon Silko, an outlook of respect for the Earth itself.In her book, Silko goes on to tell her people’s tale of the Earth’s origin. The Laguna Pueblo people have a more personal relationship with their planet than most. Perhaps it is the fantastic nature of their origin, or the way the myth was kept through word of mouth, from trusted elder to younger generations, whatever the reason, it is clear that Silko has inherited this unity with the earth and is hurt by the way it and it†™s inhabitants are treated both man and animal.In the section of Silko’s book titled: Interior and Exterior Landscapes: The Pueblo Migration Stories, the author describes the Laguna Pueblo people’s relationship with the hunted but more than that, without obviously doing so, she compares the hunting of the animals to the plight of her own people in the modern world. The native people of the Laguna Pueblo used resources sustainably and did so by maintaing a respect for all things, living and dead.Early in the section Leslie Marmon Silko speaks of her people’s burial traditions; she writes â€Å"Archaeologists have remarked over formal burials complete with elaborate funerary objects excavated in trash middens of abandoned rooms. † (Silko 26) The Laguna Pueblo people buried their dead with possessions and often laid them to rest under rooms in their own houses. The Laguna Pueblo had a respect for the dead like many other cultures, but unlike many cultures the passing of a tribe member did not mean a total absence from life, the person was and is still very much present and a member of the tribe.The departed become the world, as they always have been and their body becomes the soil and the plant, so in some respect, the dead are much more present than the living. This failure to differentiate between who is with us and who is not ends up doing a lot for the tribes spirituality. It means that respecting the earth also means respecting one’s ancestors, and to have the dead all around you, in the Earth’s teeming life, allows the tribe to take and give with the Earth in equal amounts. Likewise, the people of the Laguna Pueblo how animals a similar respect that they give to their dead. Silko explains that â€Å"Waste of meat or even the thoughtless handling of bones cooked bare will offend the antelope spirits. † (Silko 29). This goes back to Silko’s sense of earthly and heavenly unity, a true mutual respect for earth, man, and animal requires equality or oneness with everything. This achievement, preached in many religions, most of all Buddhism, is the product of realizing how much we as humans depend on the Earth.Forgetting that everything we have and all that we consume comes from one planet can cause the degradation of resources and disrespect for populations, be them man or animal. Being constantly reminded, through word of mouth and total interaction with nature, gave the native people an outlook on life rarely mimicked, but in constant need. Silko tells us on page 27 that the Laguna Pueblo people called the earth the â€Å"Mother Creator†, these two titles mother and creator give the Earth a godlike identity. Being both the mother and the father, the Earth is to be respected as one would honor their own parents.Making the Earth your God seems logical considering it contains us and provides for us all, encompassing every need we may have. The ironic thing is the Laguna Pueblo people gave the Earth such huge properties without actually exploring all the territories and oceans the world had. Just by observing the grandeur of nature and its beauty the people knew just how big the world is. By giving the world so much esteem the Laguna Pueblo elders lay the road ahead towards peaceful and respectful livelihoods that could last lifetimes if not corrupted.When one reviews all these ideas and traditions separately they may seem unique but not really an outlook on life. Upon combining these we see a people with a deep reverence for everything natural. The respect for dead lets an outsider know that the people believe in more than they can see and therefore have the philosophical thought to apply meaning to otherwise common objects like animals and plants. It signifies an understanding that the world is more than just what we can see.The respect for animals allows the foreigner to understand the lack of hierarchy that exists for these people. Silko makes it clear that the Laguna Pueblo people do not consider themselves better than the antelope they hunt, only that they have needs that can be met by nature and those that reside in it, and it is only natural for being to take from another in order to survive. In taking though, they remember to always give back to the Mother Creator, with prayer, and to always be grateful, with a constant observation of natural order and the way things ought to be.